Introduction:
A right means a claim advanced by an individual or a group of individuals enforceable in a court of law. Human rights are these of legal and moral rights which are inherent by nature. These rights come with birth and are applicable all members of the human family irrespective of their six, calour, race, etc.
We also say that human rights are universally inherent, inalienability and inviolable rights of all members of the human family which the states are primarily to ensure to their citizens by providing a well defined procedure.
This right comes with birth and are applicable all members of the human family irrespective of their sex, color, and race e.t.c.
The idea to a great extent evolved as a result of political absolutism since right of man became a slogan against the injustices and indignities committed by tyrannical or despotic governments. In order to limit the power of such government, attempts began to be made by the leaders of revolution to set down certain minimum rights in charters, bills, petitions or declarations that could be demanded by all citizens.
The United Nations organization which was established in 24 October 1945 and one of the purposes of the United Nations organization is to promote respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms. The charter of theUNO embodies to the concept of Human Rights.
The universal declaration of human rights which was adopted by the general assembly of UNO on 10 December 1948, which contains a vast content of Human Rights. The declaration exercised a powerful influence through out the world both internationally and nationally and has inspired the preparation of international human rights instruments both within and outside the United Nations system.
Thus it can be said that the real history of human rights at the level of international law began during the later part 20th century. It may be mentioned here that the content of human rights – civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights, has broadly been defined at various stages of modern history.
UN was explicitly rejected at the charter embodies 9 direct reference of Human Rights and fundamental freedoms in the preamble, Article-1(3), Article-13(1)(b), Article-55e, Article-56, Article-62(2), Article-68, Article-8 and Article-76(c).
(Article 2 the international covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights).
Article 6-15 of the ICESCR set forth 10 rights. Article 6-27 of the JCCPR provides 22 rights.
Article 3 to 21 of the declaration set forth 19 traditional civil and political rights. Article 3, which introduces article 4 to 21, is considered as a cornerstone of the declaration. For it proclaims the rights to life, liberty and security of person essential to the enjoyment of all other rights. On the other hand, article 22 to 27 of the universal declaration of human rights recognizes economic, social and cultural rights.
NGOs
NGOs mean Local, regional and national organizations such as conservation, sportman's or commerce groups. NGOs are organizations undertaking development, advocacy or social service projects outside the state sector; also known as voluntary agencies or private and voluntary organizations (PVOs), comparable to US nonprofit organizations. Its Refers to transnational organizations of private parties, including professional associations, foundations, multinational businesses, or other groups with a common interest in a particular policy issue.
Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) are organizations whose membership is composed of private individuals and private groups, but not governments or states. For example, the International Red Cross is an international, non-governmental organization (IGO) as is the World Council of Churches. Bangladesh has been perhaps the most important hearth on the globe for non-governmental organizations.
A non-governmental organization (NGO) is an organization that is not part of a government and was not founded by states. NGOs are therefore typically independent of governments. Although the definition can technically include for-profit corporations, the term is generally restricted to social, cultural, legal, and environmental advocacy groups having goals that are primarily noncommercial. NGOs are usually non-profit organizations that gain at least a portion of their funding from private sources. Current usage of the term is generally associated with the United Nations and authentic NGOs are those that are so designated by theUN.
Because the label "NGO" is considered too broad by some, as it might cover anything that is non-governmental, many NGOs now prefer the term private voluntary organization (PVO).
A 1995 UN report on global governance estimated that there are nearly 29,000 international NGOs. National numbers are even higher: The United States has an estimated 2 million NGOs, most of them formed in the past 30 years. Russia has 65,000 NGOs. Dozens are created daily. In Kenya alone, some 240 NGOs come into existence every year. 5
History
The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement is the world's largest group of humanitarianNGO's.
Though voluntary associations of citizens have existed throughout history, NGOs along the lines seen today, especially on the international level, have developed in the past two centuries. One of the first such organizations, the International Committee of the Red Cross, wasfoundedin1863.
The phrase non-governmental organization came into use with the establishment of the United Nations in 1945 with provisions in Article 71 of Chapter 10 of the United Nations Charter [1] for a consultative role for organizations that neither are governments nor member states – see Consultative Status. The definition of international NGO (INGO) is first given in resolution 288 (X) of ECOSOC on February 27, 1950: it is defined as 'any international organisation that is not founded by an international treaty'. The vital role of NGOs and other "major groups" in sustainable development was recognized in Chapter 27[2] of Agenda 21, leading to revised arrangements for consultative relationship between the United Nations and non-governmental organizations.[3]
Globalization during the 20th century gave rise to the importance of NGOs. Many problems could not be solved within a nation. International treaties and international organizations such as the World Trade Organization were perceived as being too centered on the interests of capitalist enterprises. In an attempt to counterbalance this trend, NGOs have developed to emphasize humanitarian issues, developmental aid and sustainable development. A prominent example of this is the World Social Forum which is a rival convention to the World Economic Forum held annually in January in Davos, Switzerland. The fifth World Social Forum in Porto Alegre, Brazil, in January 2005 was attended by representatives from more than 1,000 NGOs. [4]
Types of NGOs
There are numerous possibilities to classify NGOs. The following is the typology the World Bank uses 1:
There are numerous possibilities to classify NGOs. The following is the typology the World Bank uses 1:
Operational NGOs
Their primary purpose is the design and implementation of development-related projects. One categorization that is frequently used is the division into relief-oriented or development-oriented organizations; they can also be classified according to whether they stress service delivery or participation; or whether they are religious and secular; and whether they are more public or private-oriented. Operational NGOs can be community-based, national or international.
Advocacy NGOs
Their primary purpose is to defend or promote a specific cause. As opposed to operational project management, these organizations typically try to raise awareness, acceptance and knowledge by lobbying, press work and activist events.
Regarding to human rights, there are so many organizations, not only governmental but also international organization, NGOs. And they could be classified into some categories by their own activities(visions, missions also), for example, institutions of human rights for poverty relief(eg. Oxfam, CARE), political liberalization(eg. Amnesty International, Humanrights Watch) etc. I think my examples are too wide range. But there must be more 'sophisticated'(?) methods of classification for them. I wana sort NGOs of human rights into some categories by not too wide, but not too narrow. Could you help me?
these can give you some ideas of how to classify the ones with which you are dealing. You might wiush to combine categories from more than one of these groups. For example: Human rights watch dog organizations: single country and Human rights watch dog organizations: multiple countries, or emergency relief, religious orientation and emergency relief, secular orientation.
"THEMATIC" SCOPE: in other words the types of events or activities they are primarily concerned with - is it environment/human rights/ social issues/other? Are they campaigning groups? Watch-dog organisations? Are they primarily concerned with education? Emergency relief and REactive priorities, or emergency prevention and PROactive priorities? Are they concerned with single and very focused issues, or do they have a broader, multi-issue portfolio.
GEOGRAPHIC SCOPE: Compare large bodies such as Greenpeace, who take on issues fron global to local (but anywhere in the world) scale, with, for example, a European NGO whose work focuses only on a specific country or region or issue overseas (e.g there is an Irish NGO which focuses on development issues and human rights in East Timor); and then there are purely local NGOs, concerned with purely local "on our own doorstep" issues (e.g. protesting against a specific waste dump or factory).
SIZE: some (e.g. Greenpeace, Oxfam, International Committee of the Red Cross, Medecins sans Frontieres) are large, multinational bodies, with offices in many countries (and often multiple branches within a single country), and large full-time and salaried staffs. At the other extreme, I know of a number of "NGOs" that are in practice one- or two-person operations, dependent on and run by entirely voluntary (perhaps even part-time) effort.
"THEMATIC" SCOPE: in other words the types of events or activities they are primarily concerned with - is it environment/human rights/ social issues/other? Are they campaigning groups? Watch-dog organisations? Are they primarily concerned with education? Emergency relief and REactive priorities, or emergency prevention and PROactive priorities? Are they concerned with single and very focused issues, or do they have a broader, multi-issue portfolio.
GEOGRAPHIC SCOPE: Compare large bodies such as Greenpeace, who take on issues fron global to local (but anywhere in the world) scale, with, for example, a European NGO whose work focuses only on a specific country or region or issue overseas (e.g there is an Irish NGO which focuses on development issues and human rights in East Timor); and then there are purely local NGOs, concerned with purely local "on our own doorstep" issues (e.g. protesting against a specific waste dump or factory).
SIZE: some (e.g. Greenpeace, Oxfam, International Committee of the Red Cross, Medecins sans Frontieres) are large, multinational bodies, with offices in many countries (and often multiple branches within a single country), and large full-time and salaried staffs. At the other extreme, I know of a number of "NGOs" that are in practice one- or two-person operations, dependent on and run by entirely voluntary (perhaps even part-time) effort.
NGO types by orientation:
Charitable Orientation often involves a top-down paternalistic effort with little participation by the "beneficiaries". It includes NGOs with activities directed toward meeting the needs of the poor -distribution of food, clothing or medicine; provision of housing, transport, schools etc. Such NGOs may also undertake relief activities during a natural or man-made disaster.
Service Orientation includes NGOs with activities such as the provision of health, family planning or education services in which the programme is designed by the NGO and people are expected to participate in its impementation and in receiving the service.
Participatory Orientation is characterized by self-help projects where local people are involved particularly in the implementation of a project by contributing cash, tools, land, materials, labour etc. In the classical community development project, participation begins with the need definition and continues into the planning and implementation stages. Cooperatives often have a participatory orientation.
Empowering Orientation is where the aim is to help poor people develop a clearer understanding of the social, political and economic factors affecting their lives, and to strengthen their awareness of their own potential power to control their lives. Sometimes, these groups develop spontaneously aroud a problem or an issue, at other times outside workers from NGOs play a facilitating role in their development. In any case, there is maximum involvement of the people with NGOs acting as facilitators.
NGO Types by level of operation:
Community-based Organizations (CBOs) arise out of people's own initiatives. These can include sports clubs, women's organizations, neighbourhood organizations, religious or educational organizations. There are a large variety of these, some supported by NGOs, national or international NGOs, or bilateral or international agencies, and others independent of outside help. Some are devoted to rising the consciousness of the urban poor or helping them to understand their rights in gaining access to needed services while others are involved in providing such services.
Citywide Organizations include organizations such as the Rotary or lion's Club, chambers of commerce andindustry, coalitions of business, ethnic or educational groups and associations of community organizations. Some exist for other purposes, and become involved in helping the poor as one of many activities, while others are created for the specific purpose of helping the poor.
National NGOs include organizations such as the Red Cross, YMCAs/YWCAs, professional organizations etc. Some of these have state and cuty branches and assist local NGOs.
International NGOs range from secular gencies such as Redda BArna and Save the Children organizations, OXFAM, CARE, Ford and Rockefeller Foundations to religiously motivated groups. Their activities vary from mainly funding local NGOs, institutions and projects, to implementing the projects themselves.
Acronyms
Nongovernmental organizations are an heterogenous group. A long list of acronyms has developed around the term 'NGO'.
These include:
INGO stands for international NGO, such as CARE;
BINGO is short for business-oriented international NGO;
RINGO is an abbreviation of religious international NGO such as Catholic Relief Services;
ENGO, short for environmental NGO, such as Global 2000;
GONGOs are government-operated NGOs, which may have been set up by governments to look like NGOs in order to qualify for outside aid;
QUANGOs are quasi-autonomous non-governmental organisations, such as the W3C and the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which is actually not purely an NGO, since its membership is by nation, and each nation is represented by what the ISO Council determines to be the "most broadly representative" standardization body of a nation. Now, such a body might in fact be a nongovernmental organization--for example, the United States is represented in ISO by the American National Standards Institute, which is independent of the federal government. However, other countries can be represented by national governmental agencies--this is the trend in Europe.
Evolutionary stages of development NGOs
Three stages or generations of NGO evolution have been identified by Korten’s (1990) Three Generations of Voluntary Development Action. First, the typical development NGO focuses on relief and welfare, and delivers relief services directly to beneficiaries. Examples are the distribution of food, shelter or health services. The NGO notices immediate needs and responds to them. NGOs in the second generation are oriented towards small-scale, self-reliant local development. At this evolutionary stage, NGOs build the capacities of local communities to meet their needs through 'self reliant local action'. Korten calls the third generation 'sustainable systems development'. At this stage, NGOs try to advance changes in policies and institutions at a local, national and international level; they move away from their operational service providing role towards a catalytic role. The NGO is starting to develop from a relief NGO to a development NGO. 1
Nongovernmental organizations are an heterogenous group. A long list of acronyms has developed around the term 'NGO'.
These include:
INGO stands for international NGO, such as CARE;
BINGO is short for business-oriented international NGO;
RINGO is an abbreviation of religious international NGO such as Catholic Relief Services;
ENGO, short for environmental NGO, such as Global 2000;
GONGOs are government-operated NGOs, which may have been set up by governments to look like NGOs in order to qualify for outside aid;
QUANGOs are quasi-autonomous non-governmental organisations, such as the W3C and the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which is actually not purely an NGO, since its membership is by nation, and each nation is represented by what the ISO Council determines to be the "most broadly representative" standardization body of a nation. Now, such a body might in fact be a nongovernmental organization--for example, the United States is represented in ISO by the American National Standards Institute, which is independent of the federal government. However, other countries can be represented by national governmental agencies--this is the trend in Europe.
Evolutionary stages of development NGOs
Three stages or generations of NGO evolution have been identified by Korten’s (1990) Three Generations of Voluntary Development Action. First, the typical development NGO focuses on relief and welfare, and delivers relief services directly to beneficiaries. Examples are the distribution of food, shelter or health services. The NGO notices immediate needs and responds to them. NGOs in the second generation are oriented towards small-scale, self-reliant local development. At this evolutionary stage, NGOs build the capacities of local communities to meet their needs through 'self reliant local action'. Korten calls the third generation 'sustainable systems development'. At this stage, NGOs try to advance changes in policies and institutions at a local, national and international level; they move away from their operational service providing role towards a catalytic role. The NGO is starting to develop from a relief NGO to a development NGO. 1
Purposes
NGOs exist for a variety of purposes, usually to further the political or social goals of their members. Examples include improving the state of the natural environment, encouraging the observance of human rights, improving the welfare of the disadvantaged, or representing a corporate agenda. However, there are a huge number of such organizations and their goals cover a broad range of political and philosophical positions. This can also easily be applied to private schools and athletic organizations.
Methods
NGOs vary in their methods. Some act primarily as lobbyists, while others conduct programs and activities primarily. For instance, such an NGO as Oxfam, concerned with poverty alleviation, might provide needy people with the equipment and skills they need to find food and clean drinking water.
Networking
The International Freedom of Expression eXchange (IFEX), founded in 1992, is a global network of more than 60 non-governmental organizations that promote and defend the right to freedom of expression.
[edit]
Public Relations
This section is a stub. You can help by adding to it.
[edit]
Consulting
Many international NGOs have a consultative status with United Nations agencies relevant to their area of work. As an example, the Third World Network has a consultative status with the UN Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) and the UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC). In 1946, only 41 NGOs had consultative status with the ECOSOC, but this number had risen to 2,350 in 2003.
Activist events
Greenpeace protest in Brasília (Brazil) in December 2004.
This section is a stub. You can help by adding to it.
[edit]
Project management
There is an increasing awareness that management techniques are crucial to project success in non-governmental organizations. 3
[edit]
Management of non-governmental organizations
Two management trends are particularly relevant to NGOs: diversity management and participatory management. Diversity management deals with different cultures in an organization. Intercultural problems are prevalent in Northern NGOs that are engaged in developmental activities in the South. Personnel coming from a rich country are faced with a completely different approach of doing things in the target country. A participatory management style is said to be typical of NGOs. It is intricately tied to the concept of a learning organization: all people within the organization are perceived as sources for knowledge and skills. To develop the organization, individuals have to be able to contribute in the decision making process and they need to learn.
[edit]
Relations
The relationship among businesses, governments, and NGOs can be quite complex and sometimes antagonistic. Some advocacy NGOs view opposition to the interests of Western governments and large corporations as central to their purpose. But NGOs, governments, and companies sometimes form cooperative, conciliatory partnerships as well.
Staffing
Not all people working for non-governmental organizations are volunteers. Paid staff members typically receive lower pay than in the commercial private sector. Employees are highly committed to the aims and principles of the organization. The reasons why people volunteer are usually not purely altruistic, but self-serving: They expect to gain skills, experience and contacts.
There is some dispute as to whether expatriates should be sent to developing countries. Frequently this type of personnel is employed to satisfy a donor, who wants to see the supported project managed by someone from an industrialized country. However, the expertise these employees or volunteers may have can be counterbalanced by a number of factors: the cost of foreigners is typically higher, they have no grassroot connections in the country they are sent to and local expertise is often undervalued.2
The NGO-sector is an important employer in terms of numbers. For example, by the end of 1995, CONCERN worldwide, an international Northern NGO working against poverty, employed 174 expatriates and just over 5,000 national staff working in ten developing countries in Africa and Asia, and in Haiti.
[edit]
Funding
Large NGOs may have annual budgets in the millions of dollars. For instance, the budget of the American Association of Retired Persons (AARP) was over $540 million dollars in 1999.[5] Human Rights Watch spent and received US$21,7 million in 2003. Funding such large budgets demands significant fundraising efforts on the part of most NGOs. Major sources of NGO funding include membership dues, the sale of goods and services, grants from international institutions or national governments, and private donations. Several EU-grants provide funds accessible to NGOs.
Even though the term 'non-governmental organization' implies independence of governments, some NGOs depend heavily on governments for their funding. A quarter of the US$162 million income in 1998 of the famine-relief organization Oxfam was donated by the British government and the EU. The Christian relief and development organization World Vision US collected US$55 million worth of goods in 1998 from the American government. Nobel Prize winner Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) (known in English as Doctors Without Borders) gets 46 percent of its income from government sources.5
NGOs exist for a variety of purposes, usually to further the political or social goals of their members. Examples include improving the state of the natural environment, encouraging the observance of human rights, improving the welfare of the disadvantaged, or representing a corporate agenda. However, there are a huge number of such organizations and their goals cover a broad range of political and philosophical positions. This can also easily be applied to private schools and athletic organizations.
Methods
NGOs vary in their methods. Some act primarily as lobbyists, while others conduct programs and activities primarily. For instance, such an NGO as Oxfam, concerned with poverty alleviation, might provide needy people with the equipment and skills they need to find food and clean drinking water.
Networking
The International Freedom of Expression eXchange (IFEX), founded in 1992, is a global network of more than 60 non-governmental organizations that promote and defend the right to freedom of expression.
[edit]
Public Relations
This section is a stub. You can help by adding to it.
[edit]
Consulting
Many international NGOs have a consultative status with United Nations agencies relevant to their area of work. As an example, the Third World Network has a consultative status with the UN Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) and the UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC). In 1946, only 41 NGOs had consultative status with the ECOSOC, but this number had risen to 2,350 in 2003.
Activist events
Greenpeace protest in Brasília (Brazil) in December 2004.
This section is a stub. You can help by adding to it.
[edit]
Project management
There is an increasing awareness that management techniques are crucial to project success in non-governmental organizations. 3
[edit]
Management of non-governmental organizations
Two management trends are particularly relevant to NGOs: diversity management and participatory management. Diversity management deals with different cultures in an organization. Intercultural problems are prevalent in Northern NGOs that are engaged in developmental activities in the South. Personnel coming from a rich country are faced with a completely different approach of doing things in the target country. A participatory management style is said to be typical of NGOs. It is intricately tied to the concept of a learning organization: all people within the organization are perceived as sources for knowledge and skills. To develop the organization, individuals have to be able to contribute in the decision making process and they need to learn.
[edit]
Relations
The relationship among businesses, governments, and NGOs can be quite complex and sometimes antagonistic. Some advocacy NGOs view opposition to the interests of Western governments and large corporations as central to their purpose. But NGOs, governments, and companies sometimes form cooperative, conciliatory partnerships as well.
Staffing
Not all people working for non-governmental organizations are volunteers. Paid staff members typically receive lower pay than in the commercial private sector. Employees are highly committed to the aims and principles of the organization. The reasons why people volunteer are usually not purely altruistic, but self-serving: They expect to gain skills, experience and contacts.
There is some dispute as to whether expatriates should be sent to developing countries. Frequently this type of personnel is employed to satisfy a donor, who wants to see the supported project managed by someone from an industrialized country. However, the expertise these employees or volunteers may have can be counterbalanced by a number of factors: the cost of foreigners is typically higher, they have no grassroot connections in the country they are sent to and local expertise is often undervalued.2
The NGO-sector is an important employer in terms of numbers. For example, by the end of 1995, CONCERN worldwide, an international Northern NGO working against poverty, employed 174 expatriates and just over 5,000 national staff working in ten developing countries in Africa and Asia, and in Haiti.
[edit]
Funding
Large NGOs may have annual budgets in the millions of dollars. For instance, the budget of the American Association of Retired Persons (AARP) was over $540 million dollars in 1999.[5] Human Rights Watch spent and received US$21,7 million in 2003. Funding such large budgets demands significant fundraising efforts on the part of most NGOs. Major sources of NGO funding include membership dues, the sale of goods and services, grants from international institutions or national governments, and private donations. Several EU-grants provide funds accessible to NGOs.
Even though the term 'non-governmental organization' implies independence of governments, some NGOs depend heavily on governments for their funding. A quarter of the US$162 million income in 1998 of the famine-relief organization Oxfam was donated by the British government and the EU. The Christian relief and development organization World Vision US collected US$55 million worth of goods in 1998 from the American government. Nobel Prize winner Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) (known in English as Doctors Without Borders) gets 46 percent of its income from government sources.5
WORKSHOP ON THE ROLE AND ACTIVITIES OF NGOS IN NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT:
Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) play a significant role in the development of any nation. Thus they are key partners in national development as they focus on crucial activities of national concern such as the welfare of children, the disabled and the aged, as well as helping disadvantaged communities to access basic needs such as health and education among others.
In Zimbabwe like elsewhere, NGOs are also expected to partner the Government in its efforts to spearhead development, particularly among the poor and the marginalised communities.
It is however, very worrying to note that some unscrupulous NGOs have abandoned their original mandate and have now turned themselves into leaders of a bandwagon crusade that is calling for a self-conceived alternative with regards to human rights, constitutional matters and democracy.
These foreign-funded and misguided sections of the NGO sector, which represents no one, but their financiers continue to live in the world of imagination, wishing that one day Zimbabweans will believe in their ambiguous adventure. By their own admission, they have failed to fool anyone and they remain in the fringes of society with their middle-class leadership, foreign funded political agendas, urban locations and unholy matrimony with the equally misguided opposition political parties.
These donor-funded organisations have not hid their political agendas, posing as an alternative to the state even though they have no such mandate from the people. This way, these NGOs have made themselves enemies of Zimbabwe, as they do not represent the agendas and interests of the nation but their sponsors.
2.0 Rationale
The Government of Zimbabwe however, still sees reason in engaging those NGOs that are true partners in development, even with regards to the human rights, constitutional and democracy issues. We also take cognisance of the emergency of the two camps in the NGOs who focus on human rights and democracy debate, with the foreign funded ones parading themselves as a supreme alternative to the state while others correctly believe in engaging the state in these fundamental issues.
It is in that respect that the Department of Public and Interactive Affairs in the Office of the President and Cabinet is initiating an introspection process with regards to the relationship between among the State, the NGOs and the citizens. There is an imminent need for a consensus on the role of NGOs in Zimbabwe, not just from the NGO sector alone, but especially from the ordinary citizens who are the intended beneficiaries of NGOs’ activities as well as the Government as the Policy-Maker and Regulatory Authority.
The introspection process will culminate in the convening of a one-day workshop titled “Role and Activities of NGOs in National Development”. The workshop is expected to attract about 200 participants from the following institutions: Government Ministries, Local and International Non-Governmental Organisations, Inter-Governmental Organisations such as the Southern African Development Community (SADC), African Union (AU) and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) among others.
3.0 Expected Outcomes of the Workshop
By the end of the daylong event, the following outcomes are expected:
q Creation of an atmosphere of trust between and among the Government, NGOs and the ordinary citizens.
q Open avenues of dialogue and interaction between and among the Government, NGOs and the citizens.
q Exploration of further avenues of co-operation.
q Having a greater appreciation of the NGOs.
Those taking the floor at this workshop, which was jointly organised by the Human Rights Grouping of NGOs and the Commissioner for Human Rights, were
As speaker:
- Mr Alvaro GIL-ROBLES, Council of Europe Commissioner for Human Rights,
- Mr Daniel ZIELINSKI, Chair of the Liaison Committee of NGOs enjoying consultative status with the Council of Europe
- Mr Daniel ZIELINSKI, Chair of the Liaison Committee of NGOs enjoying consultative status with the Council of Europe
As Chairs of the working sessions:
- Mr Markus JAEGER, Deputy Director of the Office of the Commissioner for Human Rights,
- Mr Pierre BOULAY, Chairman of the Human Rights Grouping of NGOs enjoying consultative status with the Council of Europe
- Mr Pierre BOULAY, Chairman of the Human Rights Grouping of NGOs enjoying consultative status with the Council of Europe
The following report summarises the contributions made by representatives of National Human Rights Institutions from four member states of the Council of Europe:
- Mr Wolfgang HEINZ (German Institute for Human Rights), - Ms Maria LIISBERG (Danish Institute for Human Rights)
- Mr Marc LEYENBERGER (National Consultative Commission for Human Rights,
- Mr Ciaran O MAOLAIN (
I. Aims, common objectives and points of reference raised by the representatives of NHRIs
A) The core values of independence and pluralism of the institutions
B) The will to focus on needs in the field (raised in particular by Mr HEINZ)
C) The need to focus on representation of civil society (raised in particular by
Mr LEYENBERGER, who expressed the view that the NGOs represented - 33 at present - were those most active and effective in the human rights sphere).
Mr LEYENBERGER, who expressed the view that the NGOs represented - 33 at present - were those most active and effective in the human rights sphere).
D) The advantage of linking different human rights organisations (NGOs, etc) in a national network (point raised by Ms LIISBERG, endorsed by Mr HEINZ) and the strengthening of relations between NHRIs and NGOs, in particular through consultation mechanisms (raised by Mr O MAOLIN, endorsed by Mr HEINZ)
Activities of NGOs in Bangladesh:
The NGO sector in Bangladesh is highly organized and relatively homogeneous. Most NGOs utilize a branch and headquarters structure in which branches have limited autonomy from headquarters. At the branch level, most NGOs in the country, whether big or small, focus on credit services, derive more of their income from fees for services than from grants, rely on salaried rather than voluntary staff, keep detailed financial accounts that are externally audited, and hire middle-class college educated men as managers. The convergence to a modal institutional form probably is the result of the persuasive power of ideas, sociological pressures toward acculturation and conformity, as well as material incentives.
Dhaka Ahsania Mission A voluntary organization striving towards sustainable development.
Founded in 1958 with the aim to develop social and spiritual life of the entire human community, DAM works with basic thrust on poverty alleviation and socio-economic empowerment of the poor, specially the disadvantaged.
Major Functions
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Resource Mobilization and Development Division |
Resource Mobilization & Development (RMD) Division is an organizational strategy of Dhaka Ahsania Mission to promote its program for raising funds from donors and partnership with development agencies globally and locally. The division has two foreign wings called DAM-UK and DAM USA as registered charity in UK and USA respectively to support fund raising activities. RMD division has prepared a resource mobilization strategy to support DAM’s ten-year programmatic perspective plan and five-year operational plan. The resource mobilization strategy includes: |
Strategic action for strengthening institutional capacity of DAM. | |
Assessing of existing and funding needs for program | |
Grants market research and funding opportunities from institutional, corporate & private donors. | |
Developing fund raising tools, techniques, methods and approaches. |
The operational features are:
Strengthening institutional capacity on resource mobilization and business development. | |
Development of proposal, documents and materials on programs. | |
Identifying potential donors/ development agencies for collaboration. | |
Communication and presentation of DAM’s program and development of partnership with donors/development agencies. | |
Participation in competitive biddings locally and globally. | |
Retention of donors by maintaining relationship and accountability on donors’ contribution. | |
Social business development for program sustainability. |
DAM offers internship to students towards promotion of international understanding, sharing of good practices and facilitating increase of knowledge base on development education among the students in higher education. Beside students from college and university in Bangladesh, students studying in other countries, irrespective of nationalities, are encouraged as intern to work in DAM
DAM works in the regional and internatiomal arena also in various ways. Its presence participation in relevant events and programs, particularly in the Asia Pacific region, has been always very prominent and visible. During the year 2005-06, the dimensions of international collaboration have been expanded Professional services at international level In the field of education In the field of education, there were a number of events where DAM has extended the hand for technical collaboration to various organizations. Following are few exampl Presentation on “How ICT and Distance Education Methodologies can be used to effect change in Bangladesh and South Asia: Dhaka Ahsania Mission’s Perspective” by DAM President in the Commonwealth of Learning South Asia Consultative Meeting held in Dhaka from 26- September 20 Participation of Mr. Kazi Rafiqul Alam as the Asian regional representative in the Editorial Board Meeting of Education for All (EFA) Global Monitoring Report held in the UNESCO, Paris on 11-12 May 2000 Facilitation of the ISESCO Training Workshop on slamic Education for Girls and Women Literacy held in Dhaka from 23-28 April 2006 and the Sub-Regional Workshop on Planning NGO Strategy for Adult Education held also in Dhaka from 16-18 May 2006 DAM was also invited by the State Resource Centre, West Bengal India to provide technical support in the Workshop on `Monitori Supervision and Evaluation of Continuing Education Program’ held in the North Bengal University Shiliguri, Darjeeling, India from 11-16 June 2006. Organized at DAM Auditorium a Training Workshop on Planning and Management of Community Learning Centres (9-13 February 2006) for a group of 17 senior officials of MoE of Iraq led by their Director General of Non-formal Education Organized an international workshop on Planning NGO Advocacy Strategy for Adult Literacy and Learning (16-18 May 2006). 21 Chief Executives/Directors of NGOs of Pakistan, India, Nepal and Bangladesh participated.
Professional services at international level
DAM works in the regional and international arena also in various ways. Its presence and participation in relevant events and programs, particularly in the Asia Pacific region, has been always very prominent and visible. During the year 2005-06, the dimensions of international collaboration have been expanded.
Opening of DAM offices in India and Pakistan:
As part of extending collaboration and between the practitioners in South Asia and with the aim of undertaking joint programmes, in 2005-06 DAM started the process of opening its country offices in India and in Pakistan. As a first measure the Country Representatives have been posted. Because of the interest of the counterpart development practitioners in both countries, the official formalities for opening offices have progressed well. The offices will start functioning from 2007.
In Africa, DAM provided technical support in the `Regional workshop on Capacity Building of Literacy and Non-Formal Education Facilitators in Africa’ held in Bamako, Mali from 25 July-04 August 2005, where the Director of Training and Materials Division attended as an Asian Expert and shared the Asia-Pacific regional experience as well as DAM’s experience.
Organising Regional Workshops and Training Programmes
A regional training program on prevention of drug abuse was organized from 6-10 February 2006. It was a five-day long training course and participants came from four SAARC countries. Main participants of the training course were the prison officials. The training unit of DAM organized the training in cooperation with UNODC and National Institute of Criminology and Forensic Science.
Organized and conducted a Sub Regional Workshop on Capacity Development on Supervision, Monitoring and Evaluation of National Level NFE Programs (19-24 November 2005) at Ambala Inn Hotel, Dhaka attended by 20 senior education officers from Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan and Bangladesh.
Organized at DAM Auditorium a Training Workshop on Planning and Management of Community Learning Centres (9-13 February 2006) for a group of 17 senior officials of MoE of Iraq led by their Director General of Non-formal Education
Organized an international workshop on Planning NGO Advocacy Strategy for Adult Literacy and Learning (16-18 May 2006). 21 Chief Executives/Directors of NGOs of Pakistan, India, Nepal and Bangladesh participated.
Dhaka Ahsania Mission operates a charity fund to support the distressed families. Based on the founding aims of the organization to help the suffering humanity DAM mobilises fund to support the poor people. Every year generous people from various locations donate their Zakat and other funds to this fund to support the vulnerable people.
DAM utilizes these funds for various purposes. In the year 2006-7, a total amount of Tk. 3,985,646 were distributed to the people for following purposes:
1. Treatment for helpless poor patient / cancer patient.
2. Repair house of poor people
3. Supporting extreme poor for livelihood/ increased earning
4. Assist the people who suffer from the natural disaster.
5. Support to meet marriage expenses of girls from poor families.
6. on cost for children from vulnerable families.
DAM also donated TK. 2,387,366 to 285 poor cancer patients at Cancer Detection Centre and Hospital at Mirpur, Dhaka for cancer treatment.
The charity fund is managed by a specialised committee constituted by DAM Executive Committee, meeting at regular interval. The committee scrutinizes the applications for support and ensures proper utilization of the donation money. The donors are kept informed about use of their money.
For the year 2007-8, besides regular support to the distressed families, DAM has planned to undertake, following projects with the support from the charity fund:
- Establish some free homeopathic dispensary for the urban poor people. More than 1,50,000 people will get free treatment / low cost treatment from these dispensaries.
- Ahsania Mission Cancer and General Hospital at Uttara will start activities from December 2008. There would be required provision for free treatment cost for poor people is increased.
- There are many children live in streets of Dhaka city. DAM took a new initiative for those children and wants to establish a “ Children City”, providing vocational training and life skill education to these children.
We cordially requests the generous people to donate Zakat and other funds to DAM Charity Fund and help the person who really needs support to live at subsistence level. Donation can be directly paid to the following bank account:
Dhaka Ahsania Mission
Account Number 12100036821
Mercantile Bank
Dhanmondi Branch, Dhaka.
Account Number 12100036821
Mercantile Bank
Dhanmondi Branch, Dhaka.
The Organizations related to Bangladesh Human Rights
1.Adhikar 41 North Jatrabari, Dhaka-1204. Tel.(880-2)25-74-41. | ||||
3. | Ain O Shalish Kendro 55 Inner Circular Rd Shantinagar, Dhaka 1000. Tel.(880-2)316-247. Fax.(880-2)863-409 | 4. | Amnesty International Bangladesh Section (AI) GPO Box 2242, Dhaka. Tel.(880-2)505-901 | |
5. | Asian Cultural Forum on Development - Bangladesh (ACFOD) C/O TARD, GPO Box 4047, Dhaka 1000. Tel.(880-2)81-37-58. Fax.(880-2)81-30-14. | 6. | Assistance for legal and Humanitarian Affairs Bangladesh (ALHAB) GPO Box No. 377, Ramna, Dhaka 1000. Tel:(880-2)865-409. | |
7. | Association for Social Advancement (ASA) 5/12 Block B, Humayun Road Mohammadpur, Dhaka. Tel.(880-2)316-375; 324-731; 31-3318; 32-7424; 32-4162; 31-6184. | 8. | Association for Liberty Peace and Humanity (ALPH) Room No. 7, Supreme Court Bar Association Building, Dhaka 1000. Tel.(880-2)23-26-28 | |
9. | Association for Realisation of Basic Needs (ARBN) House 47, Road 27 Dhanmondi R. A. Dhaka. | 10. | Association of Development Agencies in Bangladesh 1\3 Lalmatia, Block F, Dhaka 1207 Tel.(880-2)812-353. Fax.(880-2)813-095 | |
11. | Bangladesh Buddhist Federation DMC-285 South Kafrul Cantonment, Dhaka. | 12. | Bangladesh Human Rights Commission(BHRC) 1 Kazi House, 222 Mazibag, Dhaka 1217./ or GPO Box 2099, 77 Purana Paltan Line, Dhaka 1000. Tel.(880-2)40-95-97. Fax.(880-2)83-32-12. | |
13. | Bangladesh Inter-Religious Council for Peace and Justice (BICPAJ) C/O F. Rahman.* 4/10 Iqbal Road, Mohammadpur, Dhaka 1207. Tel.(880-2)32-87-07. Fax.(880-2)41-12-66 | 14. | Bangladesh Mahila Parishad 10\B Segun Bagicha, Dhaka 1000. Tel.(880-2)24-50-49. Fax.(880-2)83-39-66 | |
15. | Bangladesh Manabadhikar Bastabayan Shangstha (BMBS) 48 Bijoy Nagar Road, Dhaka-1000. Tel.(880-2)40-9298; 41-7654; 23-2133; 23-3741. Fax.(880-2)86-36-89 | 16 | Bangladesh Manobadhikar Samonnoy Parishod (BMSP) 4/3 Block - E, Zakir Hossain Road Lalmatia, Dhaka-1207. Fax.(880-2081-30-95 (Attn. BMSP/CCHRB). | |
17. | Bangladesh National Women Lawyers Association C/O Chancery Chambers, 62-63 Motijheel C, Dhaka 1000. Tel.(880-2)41-25-05. Fax.(880-2)86-36-89 | 18. | Bangladesh Rehabilitation Centre for Trauma Victims 30 Bijoy Nagar, Dhaka 1000 Tel.(880-2)40-95-97. Fax.(80-2)83-32-12.. | |
19 | Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee (BRAC) 75 Mohakhali C/A, Dhaka-1212. Tel.(880-2)883-614, 884-180 to 88; 600-204; 600-161/4; 600-106/7. Fax.(880-2)883-542; 883-614. | 20. | Bangladesh Shishu Adhikar Forum (BSAF) C/O Dr. Ahmadullah Mia, Chair, UCEP, Plot 2 & 3, Mirpur-2, Dhaka1210 | |
21. | Bangladesh Society for the Enforcement of Human rights (BSEHR) - see: Bangladesh Manabadhikar Bastabayan Shangstha. | 22. | ||
23. | Brothers to All men International, Bangladesh (BAM) 6/9 Lalmatia, Block D, 3rd Floor, Dhaka 1207. Tel.(880-2)811-029. | 24. | Center for Victims of Human Rights Violations (CVHRV) P.O. Box 7300, Dilkusha, Dhaka. Fax.(880-2)863-245 Attn: AIMG | |
25. | Commission for Justice and Peace, Catholic Bishops Conference of Bangladesh (CJP), GPO Box-5, Dhaka 1000. Tel.(880-2)417-936 (O). | 26. | Community Development Library (CDL) House 39, Road 14/A, Dhanmondi R/A Dhaka 1209. Tel.(880-2)13-604; 813-769 | |
27. | Comprehensive Rural Educational, Socil, Cultural and Economical Centre (CRESCENT) GPO Box 2095, Dhaka. | 28. | CRESCENT Research Information and Student Service (CRISS) PO Box 2095, Dhaka.. | |
29. | Defence for Children International - Bangladesh Section (DCI) C/O Madaripur Legal Aid Association New Town, Madaripur. | 30. | Gonoshahajjo Sangstha 41 Sir Syed Ahmed Rd., Mohammadpur, Dhaka. Tel.(88-02)814-986. Fax.(88-02)863-495 | |
31. | Democracywatch 7 Circuit House Road Ramna, Dhaka-1000 Phone: 880-2-9344225/6, Fax: 880-2-8315807 email: dwatch@bangla.net web: http://www.dwatch-bd.org | 32. | Humanist and Ethical Association of Bangladesh (HEAB) 55\D Dhaka University Staff Quarter, Dhaka. Tel.(88-02)50-36-11. Fax.(88-02)86-30-60 | |
33. | Hotline Bangladesh GPO Box 5, Dhaka 1000. Tel.(880-2)417-936. | 34. | Institute of Democratic Rights (IDR) House No.13, Rd. No.7, Dhanmondi R/A Dhaka-1205. Tel.(880-2)508-393. continue ... | |
35. | Humanitarian Agency for Development Services (HADS) Sirajuddoulah Rd., Thakurgaon 5100. Tel.(880-0561)3513. | 36. | Odhikar A Human Rights Organisation 3/6 Shegun Bagicha Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh Telephone: 880-2-9560173, Fax: 880-2-9567280 E-mail:odhikar@bangla.net; odhikar@yahoo.com URL: www.odhikar.org | |
37. | LAW WATCH A Centre for Studies on Human Rights Law House; E-13, 2nd Floor, Pallabi Extension Mirpur, Dhaka-1216, BANGLADESH Telephone:880-2-8020628, E-fax/Voice mail: 1-530-326-9189 E-mail: lawwatch2001@yahoo.com, mkabir99@hotmail.com URL : geocities.com/lawwatch2001/lw.html | 38. | Liberty International Bar Association Building Suit No.1, First Floor, Mymensingh. | |
39. | Law and Meditation Centre 7\c Bailey Road, Dhaka. Tel.(88-02)863-966. | 40. | Man for Mankind (MAM) GPO Box 3363, Dhaka-1000. Fax.(880-2)833-983; 833-120; 833-085. | |
41. | Madaripur Legal Aid Association (MLAA) New Town, P.O. Box No.9, Madaripur 7900. Tel.(880-661)518-356/316. | 42. | Naripokkho House No.51/D, Road No.9A, Dhanmondi R/A Dhaka 1209. | |
43. | Maulik Chahida Nischitakoron Samity (ARBAN) P.O.B. 2242, Dhaka 1000. Tel.(880-2)51-59-01; 31-62-87. | 44. | Paralegal Training Services Centre (PTSC) GPO Box 2346 Dhaka 1000. Tel.(880-2)40-95-97; 41-16-25. Fax.(880-2)83-32-12 Attn:PTSC. | |
45. | Palli Progoti Shahayak Samity (Faridpur) (PPSS) Vill & PO Komorpur, Faridpur. | 46. | Rohingya Solidarity Organizations, Arakan (Myanmar) C/O PO Box 795, Chittagong. Tel.(880-31)25362. | |
47. | Resource Integration Centre House # 3/9, Block-C, Lalmatia, Dhaka 1207. | 48. | World Peace Organization 3012 Johnson Road, Dhaka. | |
49. | Shaishob 2/1 Humayun Road Mohammadpur Dhaka. | 50. | Ubinig House # 8/1 Lalmatia, B-Block Road 30 Dhaka. | |
51. | Terre des Hommes House No.27, Road 14 A, Dhanmondi Dhaka 1209. | 52. | South Asian Association for Right to Development Globe Chamber 2nd Floor, 104 Motijheel Commercial Area, Dhaka-1000. Tel.(880-2)234-098; 252-694. Fax.(880-2)833-3161 | |
53. | Under Privileged Children's Educational Programme (UCEP) Plot No.2 & 3, Mirpur-2 Dhaka-1210. | 54. | ||
55. | Working for Better Life (WBL) Head Office: House-7, Road-30, Sector-7, Uttara, Dhaka Ph: ( 88-02- ) 8916966, 8918851 Fax: 88-02- 8918798, Email: badhon@gononet.com, URL : www.workingforbetterlife.org |
Plays a vital role for the protection and promotion of Human Rights through out the world. In Bangladesh there are three NGOs which have a consultative status with the Economic and Social Council is:
1) LIBERTY INTERNATIONAL AT MYMENSING.
2) DHAKA AHSANIA MISSION
3) MATRY SADAN AT AZIMPUR IN DHAKA.
It is necessary to mention here that the activities of the NGO must be controlled for various. NGOs expend (60%) income of the total revenues in order to maintain their office, employees, transport etc.
So we can say that, only three NGOs at Bangladesh have got status with the economic and social council.
END
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